1] Biogas Biogas means – Biogas means that it is combustible and can be used as a fuel.

If the sludge from the sewage plant is allowed to rot in a closed tank, it produces biogas on a large scale. And the principle of storing this gas and using it as fuel is also used in Gobargas project Biogas generally consists of 50 to 60% methane gas with the rest being carbon dioxide Since methane is flammable, biogas is also flammable. Materials used in making biogas:- cow dung, human dung,food scraps and Mahuva biogas should be mixed with water as much as cow dung and other ingredients like cow dung 25 kg and water 25 kg so that the mixture is compacted

Biogas

Artificial respiration Learned 2 types of artificial respiration 1) Sheffier, 2) Sylvester If the person is electrocuted then the Sheffier method should be used, Sylvester method is used if the person is electrocuted

Attaching the plug pin to the top. Materials = Plug (3 Pin 2 Pin) Wire, Stripper, Tester. Action = First materials and tools are gathered. Plug wiring done. Socket wiring done. and connected to the plug socket. Then checked with the help of tester by giving current.

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2 Practical: Rain Gauge

Base = 3.14
Area of the funnel = πr²
= 3.14 × 4.85 × 4.85
= 73.86
Water collected from rain ÷ Area of the funnel × 10
200 ÷ 73.86 = 27.07
27.07 × 10 = 27.07 mm

Photos while measuring rain

3 Practical: Wire Stripping

Objective: To learn the method of stripping electrical insulation using a manual stripper

Required materials: Cable, junction, pliers, knife, stripper, marker

Procedure:

  1. Mark the cable where it needs to be stripped.
  2. Use the pliers to strip the cable up to the marked point.
  3. Straighten the ends of the exposed insulator.
  4. Mark where the insulator needs to be exposed.
  5. Strip the insulator at one end as required.
  6. Take special care with flexible wires to avoid breaking any strand of the cable.

4 Practical: Measuring Wire Gauge

Materials: Gauge meter, wire, pliers, micrometer

Procedure:

  1. Take a piece of wire.
  2. Strip a 1 cm piece of the wire and twist it as much as possible.
  3. Measure the twisted part using a gauge meter to determine the wire gauge.

5 Practical: Plate Earthing

Materials: Earthing plate, nut bolts, GI pipe, earthing powder, earthing wire, brick, spade, stripper, test lamp, multimeter

Procedure:

  1. Select a location for earthing.
  2. Dig a 3*2 feet pit for earthing.
  3. Connect the earthing plate with the nut bolts.
  4. Place the earthing plate vertically in the pit, add bricks around it, and fill the pit with earthing powder. Then, cover the pit.
  5. Pour around 2 buckets of water into the vertical pipe of the earthing system.
  6. The purpose of earthing is to safely discharge the leaked current into the ground without harming anyone.

Types of Earthing:

  1. Plate Earthing
  2. Pipe Earthing

Photos during earthing

6 Practical: Calculating Electricity Bill

Unit for electricity bill calculation:

Formula for calculating electricity bill:
Unit watt × Number of items × Hours used ÷ 1000

7 Practical: Measuring Voltage

Materials: Various batteries or cells, multimeter

Procedure:

  1. Understand how to use a multimeter.
  2. Ensure the multimeter wires are properly connected.
  3. Check that the multimeter is set to the DC range.
  4. Measure the voltage of the battery or cell.
  5. When measuring voltage, ensure the + and – wires are connected correctly to avoid damaging the multimeter.
  6. Record the battery voltage in the notebook.

Types of batteries: Primary and Secondary batteries

8 Practical: Filling a Board

Materials: 6*8 board, indicator, plug, switch, wire, screwdriver, stripper

Procedure:

  1. Understand what components are needed on the board.
  2. Draw the circuit diagram.
  3. Connect all the switches and plugs.
  4. Wire the board and then close it completely, testing it afterwards.

9 Practical: Measuring the Density of Battery Water

Materials: Hydrometer

Procedure:

  1. Clean the battery thoroughly.
  2. Open the points on the battery surface.
  3. Measure the density of the water in the battery using a hydrometer.
  4. If the water reaches the red mark, the battery is considered bad.
  5. If the water reaches the yellow mark, the battery is half-charged.
  6. If the water reaches the green mark, the battery is considered to be in good condition.

Photos while measuring density

10 Practical: Connecting an Appliance to a Socket

Materials: Stripper, tester, 3-pin plug, three-core cable, socket

Procedure:

  1. Strip the wire using a stripper.
  2. Connect the wires to the 3-pin plug according to live, neutral, and earth.
  3. Fully fit the 3-pin plug.
  4. Connect the appliance’s 3-pin plug to the socket.

11 Practical: Smokeless Stove

Materials: Wood for combustion, matches, smokeless stove

Procedure:

  1. Understand the importance and functioning of the smokeless stove.
  2. Place wood in it and light the fire.
  3. Place a pot of water on it to boil.

Importance of a smokeless stove:

  • Reduces smoke-related issues.
  • Saves fuel.
  • Prevents energy waste.
  • Provides efficient combustion.
  • Reduces respiratory illnesses.

12 Practical: Solar Cooker

Materials: Solar cooker, pot, food to cook

Procedure:

  1. Understand how a solar cooker works.
  2. Set the solar cooker facing the sun.
  3. Place a pot with rice in it for cooking.

Advantages of a solar cooker:

  • No need for any fuel to cook food.
  • Uses sunlight to cook.
  • Saves costs as sunlight is free, though maintenance is required.
  • Food cooked this way retains nutrients and lasts longer, with a 10-20% increase in preservation of vitamins.

13 Practical: Absorption Pit

Materials: Spade, bucket, measuring tape, pieces of bricks, coarse sand

Procedure:

  1. Dig a 1×1×1 meter pit where wastewater is to be discharged.
  2. Add a 20 cm thick layer of sand.
  3. Add a 20 cm thick layer of brick pieces on top of the sand layer.
  4. Add another 10 cm thick layer of sand.
  5. Discharge wastewater into the pit.

14 Practical: Solar Panel Connection

Materials: Tester, multimeter, solar plate, wire, screwdriver set

Procedure:

  1. Understand how to connect solar panels.
  2. Make a solar stand, which should always be at a 45-degree angle.
  3. Mount the solar plates on the stand.
  4. Connect the solar plates in series.
  5. Take the output connection using RYB wires.
  6. Perform earthing for the solar panel.
  7. Solar panels should always face south and be connected in series.

15 Practical: Mobile App

Materials: Mobile phone, internet

Using a mobile app, you can check today’s temperature, rain, and humidity without needing any other equipment.