Fingerprint Based Attendance System Using ESP32

1. Introduction

This project is a Fingerprint Based Attendance System developed using ESP32, R307 Fingerprint Sensor, 16×2 I2C LCD, and Firebase Realtime Database.

The system is designed for Vigyan Ashram Kitchen Attendance, where attendance is required during fixed meal timings such as:

Breakfast: 9:00 AM – 9:30 AM
Lunch: 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM
Dinner: 8:00 PM – 9:00 PM

The system automatically blocks attendance during restricted time periods and records valid attendance in Firebase, along with finger ID, name, date, time, and status.
Stored data can be downloaded day-wise, week-wise, or month-wise from Firebase.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
ESP32 Development Board	1	Main controller with WiFi
R307 Fingerprint Sensor	1	Biometric authentication
LCD 16×2 (I2C)	1	Displays system messages
LEDs (Green & Red)	2	Status indication
Buzzer	1	Audio feedback
Push Buttons	2	Add / Delete fingerprint
Jumper Wires	As required	Connections
Breadboard / PCB	1	Circuit assembly
5V Power Supply	1	Power source

3. Circuit Diagram (Description)

ESP32 communicates with the fingerprint sensor using UART (Serial2).
LCD is connected using I2C protocol.
LEDs and buzzer provide visual and audio feedback.
Buttons are used to add or delete fingerprints.
ESP32 connects to WiFi and sends attendance data to Firebase.

4. Circuit and Connections

Fingerprint Sensor (R307)

Sensor Pin	ESP32 Pin	Function
VCC	5V	Power supply
GND	GND	Ground
TX	GPIO 16	ESP32 RX2
RX	GPIO 17	ESP32 TX2

LCD 16×2 (I2C)

LCD Pin	ESP32 Pin
SDA	GPIO 21
SCL	GPIO 22
VCC	5V
GND	GND

Other Connections

Device	ESP32 Pin	Function
Green LED	GPIO 25	Attendance accepted
Red LED	GPIO 26	Error / blocked
Buzzer	GPIO 27	Audio alert
Add Button	GPIO 32	Add fingerprint
Delete Button	GPIO 33	Delete fingerprint

5. Working Explanation

The user places a finger on the R307 fingerprint sensor.
ESP32 captures the fingerprint image and matches it with stored templates.
If the fingerprint is not found, access is denied.
If the fingerprint is found:
- System checks current time using NTP.
- If the time is blocked (meal closed) → attendance is rejected.
- If the time is allowed → attendance is accepted.
Attendance data is sent to Firebase with:
- Finger ID
- Finger name
- Date & time
- Status (Accepted / Blocked)
Green LED + buzzer indicates success, red LED indicates error.
Admin can:
- Add new fingerprints using ADD button
- Delete fingerprints using DEL button or Serial command
Attendance data can be downloaded from Firebase:
- Daily
- Weekly
- Monthly

6. Advantages

Contactless biometric attendance
Prevents proxy attendance
Time-based meal control
Real-time cloud data storage
Easy data download and monitoring
Suitable for kitchen & hostel systems

8. Software / Platforms Used

Software	Purpose
Arduino IDE	Code development
Firebase Realtime Database	Cloud data storage
ESP32 WiFi Library	Internet connectivity
Adafruit Fingerprint Library	Fingerprint control
LiquidCrystal I2C Library	LCD control
NTP Server	Real-time clock

Solar Lamp

1. Introduction

This project is a DIY Solar Powered USB Lamp, designed to provide light during night time using solar energy.The system stores solar energy in a 3.7V lithium battery during the daytime and automatically provides power to a USB LED lamp at night.The project is low cost, portable, and environment-friendly, making it ideal for school students, rural areas, and emergency lighting applications.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
Solar Panel	1	Converts sunlight into electrical energy
Charging Module	1	Charges the lithium battery safely
USB Step-Up Power Boost Module (PFM Controller)	1	Boosts 3.7V battery voltage to 5V
3.7V Lithium Battery	1	Stores solar energy
Battery Holder	1	Holds the lithium battery safely
USB LED Lamp	1	Provides lighting
Mini USB Fan	1	Optional load for airflow
Plastic Storage Box	1	Enclosure for the project
Jumper Wires	As required	For electrical connections

3. Circuit Diagram (Description)

The solar panel is connected to the charging module.
The charging module charges the 3.7V lithium battery.
The battery output is connected to the USB step-up boost module.
The boost module converts 3.7V to 5V USB output.
The USB LED lamp and mini USB fan are powered from the 5V output.
All components are mounted inside a plastic storage box.

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

Module	Pin / Terminal	Pin / Terminal	Function
Solar Panel	+	Charging Module IN+	Supplies solar power
Solar Panel	−	Charging Module IN−	Ground
Charging Module	B+	Battery +	Charges battery
Charging Module	B-	Battery −	Battery ground
Battery	+	Boost Module IN+	Supplies stored energy
Battery	−	Boost Module IN−	Ground
Boost Module	OUT +5V	USB Lamp / USB Fan	Power output
Boost Module	GND	USB Lamp / Fan GND	Ground

5. Working Principle

During daytime, the solar panel generates electricity.
This electricity is used to charge the 3.7V lithium battery through the charging module.
At night, solar power is not available.
The battery supplies power to the USB step-up boost module.
The boost module increases voltage from 3.7V to 5V.
The USB LED lamp turns ON and provides light.
The project can also power a mini USB fan if required.

6. Advantages

Uses renewable solar energy
Low cost and portable
No external electricity required
Suitable for rural and emergency use
Easy to build and maintain

7. Applications

Emergency night lamp
Study lamp for students
Camping and outdoor lighting
Power cut backup light
Rural home lighting

8. Safety Precautions

Do not overcharge the lithium battery
Use proper polarity while connecting modules
Avoid short circuiting battery terminals
Keep the project dry and away from water

9. Conclusion

The DIY Solar Powered USB Lamp is a simple and effective project that demonstrates the use of solar energy for practical applications.
It is an excellent learning project for school students to understand renewable energy, battery charging, and power conversion concepts.

10. References

Arduino & DIY Electronics Tutorials
Solar Charging Module Datasheets
Lithium Battery Safety Guidelines
Basic Renewable Energy Concepts

Automatic Water Overflow

1. Introduction

Float Sensor to detect water level
Arduino Uno to process the signal
Relay Module to control the AC buzzer

Working Principle:

When water touches the float sensor, it sends a signal to the Arduino.
Arduino activates the relay, which turns ON the AC buzzer.
No pump is used in this setup; only a buzzer is powered to alert overflow.
This system is low-cost, portable, and can be safely mounted inside a junction box.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
Arduino Uno	1	Main controller to read float sensor signal
Float Sensor	1	Detects high water level
Relay Module (5V)	1	Controls AC buzzer ON/OFF
Buzzer (AC 220V)	1	Provides audible alert for water overflow
Jumper Wires	As required	Connect Arduino and relay module
5V Adapter	1	Powers Arduino and relay
Junction Box	1	Safe housing for electronics
AC 2-pin / 3-pin socket	1	Connects AC buzzer safely

3. Circuit Diagram

Float sensor provides digital HIGH signal when water reaches max level.
Arduino reads the signal and triggers the relay module.
The relay switches AC supply to the buzzer.
Neutral of buzzer goes directly to AC neutral; Live goes through relay COM/NO.

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

Module / Sensor	Module Pin	Arduino Uno Pin	Function
Float Sensor	Signal	Digital Pin D2	Sends HIGH signal when water reaches sensor
Float Sensor	GND	GND	Common ground
Relay Module	VCC	5V	Powers relay module
Relay Module	GND	GND	Ground connection
Relay Module	IN	Digital Pin D3	Receives control signal from Arduino
AC Buzzer	Live	Relay COM & NO	AC supply controlled by relay
AC Buzzer	Neutral	AC Neutral	Completes AC circuit
Jumper Wires	–	–	Connect Arduino to relay module

5. Code

int floatPin = 2; // Float sensor digital pin

int relayPin = 3; // Relay digital pin

void setup() {

pinMode(floatPin, INPUT);

pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Relay OFF initially

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

int floatState = digitalRead(floatPin);

Serial.println(floatState);

if (floatState == HIGH) { // Water touches float sensor

digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Relay ON → Buzzer ON

} else {

digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Relay OFF → Buzzer OFF

}

delay(500);

}

Explanation:

Float sensor sends HIGH when water is high.
Arduino turns ON relay → AC buzzer sounds.
When water is below sensor, relay OFF → buzzer OFF.

6. Connecting Diagram (Working)

Float sensor mounted at maximum water level inside tank.
Signal pin → Arduino Digital Pin D2, GND → Arduino GND.
Relay IN → Arduino Digital Pin D3.
AC Buzzer Live → Relay COM & NO, Neutral → AC Neutral.
Entire electronics placed inside junction box for safety.
System alerts water overflow automatically via buzzer.

7. Applications

Home water tank overflow alert system
School / college science project for automation learning
Small water storage tanks for portable use
Demonstration of Arduino + relay + float sensor automation

8. Advantages

Automatic water overflow alert
Safe, portable, and low-cost
Easy to build and maintain
AC buzzer alert is loud and noticeable

9. Software / Tools Used

Software / Tool	Purpose
Arduino IDE	Write and upload code to Arduino Uno
Jumper Wires / Breadboard	For testing connections
Optional: Fritzing	Draw circuit diagram for report

10. Referenc

Arduino Official Website – https://www.arduino.cc
Float Sensor Basics – Electronics Tutorials
Relay Module Working – Arduino Project Hub
AC Buzzer Control Projects – Online Arduino resources

Temperature Display Using Arduino Uno and P10 LED Matrix

1. Introduction

Arduino Uno as the main controller
P10 LED Matrix Display to show data
DS18B20 waterproof temperature sensor to measure water temperature

The system also displays a scrolling welcome message every minute. It is mounted on an acrylic sheet for better visibility.

This setup is portable, low-cost, and suitable for school or college demonstrations.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
Arduino Uno	1	Main microcontroller
P10 LED Matrix Display	1	Displays text and temperature
DS18B20 Waterproof Sensor	1	Measures water temperature
Jumper Wires	As required	For connections between Arduino and display/sensor
4.7kΩ Resistor	1	Pull-up resistor for DS18B20 data line
Acrylic Sheet	1	Mounting display
USB Cable / 5V Adapter	1	Power supply for Arduino and display

3. Circuit Diagram

Arduino Uno powers the P10 display via SPI pins.
DS18B20 sensor connected via OneWire digital pin (e.g., D2).
4.7kΩ pull-up resistor connected between DS18B20 data line and 5V.
GND of sensor connected to Arduino GND.

4. Arduino Uno → P10 LED Matrix Pin Connections

P10 LED Pin	Arduino Uno Pin	Description
OE	Digital 12	Output Enable
A	Digital 8	Row select A
B	Digital 9	Row select B
NC	Not connected	Not used
CLK	Digital 11	Clock line for shifting data
SCLK	Not connected	Not used
DATA	Digital 10	Serial data input
NC	Not connected	Not used
NC	Not connected	Not used
GND	GND	Common ground

5. DS18B20 Sensor Connection

Sensor	Pin	Arduino Pin	Description
DS18B20	Data	Digital Pin D2	OneWire data line
DS18B20	VCC	5V	Power supply
DS18B20	GND	GND	Ground
Pull-up resistor	4.7kΩ	Between Data & 5V	Required for OneWire communication

6. Arduino Code Overview

Uses OneWire and DallasTemperature libraries
Displays scrolling welcome message every 1 minute
Reads temperature from DS18B20
Converts float temperature to string using dtostrf()
Shows temperature (°C) on P10 display

Code Snippet:

#include <OneWire.h>

#include <DallasTemperature.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#include <DMD.h>

#include <TimerOne.h>

#include “SystemFont5x7.h”

#include “Arial_black_16.h”

#define DISPLAYS_ACROSS 1

#define DISPLAYS_DOWN 1

DMD dmd(DISPLAYS_ACROSS, DISPLAYS_DOWN);

#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2

OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);

DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);

float t;

unsigned long lastWelcomeTime = 0;

const unsigned long welcomeInterval = 60000;

void ScanDMD() { dmd.scanDisplayBySPI(); }

void showWelcome() {

dmd.clearScreen(true);

dmd.selectFont(Arial_Black_16);

const char *msg = “WELCOME TO VIGYAN ASHRAM”;

int msgLength = strlen(msg);

dmd.drawMarquee(msg, msgLength, (32*DISPLAYS_ACROSS)-1, 0);

long timer = millis();

boolean ret = false;

while(!ret) {

if ((timer+30) < millis()) { ret = dmd.stepMarquee(-1,0); timer = millis(); }

}

delay(2000);

dmd.clearScreen(true);

}

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);

sensors.begin();

Timer1.initialize(5000);

Timer1.attachInterrupt(ScanDMD);

showWelcome();

lastWelcomeTime = millis();

}

void loop() {

if (millis() – lastWelcomeTime >= welcomeInterval) { showWelcome(); lastWelcomeTime = millis(); }

sensors.requestTemperatures();

t = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);

char st[6];

dtostrf(t, 2, 1, st);

dmd.clearScreen(true);

dmd.selectFont(System5x7);

dmd.drawString(2, 0, “T:”, 2, GRAPHICS_NORMAL);

dmd.drawString(11, 0, st, strlen(st), GRAPHICS_NORMAL);

dmd.drawCircle(24, 1, 1, GRAPHICS_NORMAL);

dmd.drawString(27, 0, “C”, 1, GRAPHICS_NORMAL);

delay(2000);

}

7. Working

Arduino reads temperature from the DS18B20 waterproof sensor.
P10 LED display shows current temperature in °C.
Welcome message scrolls every 1 minute.
Display updates every 2 seconds.
Mounted on acrylic sheet for clear visibility.

8. Software / Tools Used

Software / Tool	Purpose
Arduino IDE	Write and upload code
DMD Library	Control P10 LED matrix
OneWire Library	Communication with DS18B20
DallasTemperature Library	Read temperature from DS18B20
TimerOne Library	Handle DMD display scan updates
Fritzing (optional)	Draw circuit diagram

9. References

Arduino Official Website – https://www.arduino.cc
Circuit Digest – Digital Notice Board using P10 LED Matrix – https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/digital-notice-board-using-p10-led-matrix-display-and-arduino
DallasTemperature Library Documentation
OneWire Library Documentation

Diwali Akash Kandil

1. Project Title

Diwali Akash Kandil Made Using Laser Cutting Technology

2. Project Duration

Total Duration: 1 Week

3. Project Objective

This project was completed with the active participation of DBRT trainees. The main objectives of the project were to prepare attractive and durable Akash Kandils for Diwali, to gain hands-on experience with laser cutting machines, to develop teamwork, planning and time management skills, and to learn basic wiring and decorative techniques.

4. Materials Used

Card sheet
Colored glitter paper
Adhesive gum
LED bulbs and wiring materials
Laser cutting machine
Computer with Inkscape and RD software

5. Methodology / Work Procedure

The Diwali Akash Kandil project was carried out in a planned and systematic manner with the involvement of DBRT trainees. Initially, the idea of making decorative and illuminated Akash Kandils for Diwali was finalized, and the work was divided into different stages.

First, suitable designs for laser cutting were searched on Google. After reviewing multiple designs, attractive and laser-cut-friendly designs were selected. The selected designs were then opened in Inkscape software, where proper outlines were created to ensure accurate and clean laser cutting.

After preparing the outlines, the design files were converted into DXF format, which is required for laser cutting machines. The DXF files were then uploaded into RD software. In RD software, necessary parameters such as size, speed, and power were properly set before sending the file to the laser cutting machine.

Once all settings were completed, card sheets were placed in the laser cutting machine and cutting was carried out safely and accurately. After cutting, all the parts were carefully checked. Decorative work was then done by applying adhesive gum and pasting colored glitter paper on the cut card sheets to enhance the appearance of the Akash Kandils.

Next, all cut and decorated parts were assembled using gum to form complete Akash Kandils. LED bulbs were installed inside each Kandil, and proper wiring was done with full attention to electrical safety. Finally, the completed Akash Kandils were installed at different locations. Additionally, a special 2-foot square Akash Kandil was prepared for the workshop, which was the largest among all.

6. Project Outcome

A total of 13 Akash Kandils were successfully prepared before Diwali
Practical knowledge of laser cutting technology was gained
Hands-on experience in wiring and decorative work was achieved
Teamwork and coordination skills were improved

7. Problems Faced and Solutions

Proper quantity of adhesive gum was required to avoid damage to paper
Electrical safety precautions were followed carefully during wiring

8. DBRT Contributed

The following DBRT actively contributed to the completion of this project:

Mitesh ,Dnyaneshwar,Aditya,Badal,Mukesh,Omkar.

9. Conclusion

The Diwali Akash Kandil project was very useful and educational. Through this project, trainees gained technical skills, creativity, and teamwork experience. The project was successfully completed within the given time and resulted in attractive decorative items for Diwali celebrations

Automatic UV Water Sterilization System

1. Introduction

This project demonstrates a simple UV water sterilization system for small-scale use.
A UV Tubelight (11W) is used to kill bacteria (like E.coli) present in water.
The system uses Arduino Nano, a Relay Module, and a 3-pin AC socket to automatically turn ON the UV light for 5 minutes whenever water sterilization is needed.

The project is low-cost, portable, and safe to use at home or school experiments.
A junction box is used to mount the Arduino, relay, and UV light socket safely.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
Arduino Nano	1	Main microcontroller to control the relay
Relay Module (5V)	1	Switches AC supply of the UV tubelight
11W UV Tubelight	1	Used for sterilizing water (kills bacteria)
3-pin AC Socket	1	Connects UV tubelight to AC mains
Jumper Wires	As required	For making connections between Arduino and relay
5V Adapter / USB Power	1	Powers Arduino Nano and relay module
Junction Box	1	Housing for Arduino, relay, and socket for safety

3. Diagram

The UV tubelight is connected to the AC mains via a relay module.
The Arduino Nano triggers the relay for 5 minutes to switch ON the UV light.
After 5 minutes, the relay automatically switches OFF the UV light.

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

Module / Sensor	Module Pin	Arduino Nano Pin	Function
Relay Module	VCC	5V	Powers the relay
Relay Module	GND	GND	Ground connection
Relay Module	IN	Digital Pin D3	Control signal to turn relay ON/OFF
UV Tubelight	Live wire	Relay COM & NO	AC supply controlled by relay
UV Tubelight	Neutral	AC Neutral	Completes AC circuit
Jumper Wires	–	–	Connect Arduino and relay module

5. Code

Since you mentioned you don’t have the code, here is a simple Arduino Nano code to turn ON the relay for 5 minutes (300,000 ms) when powered:

int relayPin = 3; // Relay connected to digital pin D3

void setup() {

pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Relay OFF by default

}

void loop() {

digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Turn ON UV Light

delay(300000); // Keep UV light ON for 5 minutes

digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Turn OFF UV Light

while(true); // Stop further execution

}

Explanation:

Relay turns ON UV light immediately after power.
UV light stays ON for 5 minutes to sterilize water.
After 5 minutes, UV light turns OFF automatically.

6. Connecting Diagram (Working)

Arduino Nano powered by 5V adapter.
Relay Module connected to Digital Pin D3 of Arduino Nano.
AC Live wire of UV Tubelight goes to COM & NO terminals of relay.
AC Neutral wire goes directly to UV Tubelight.
UV Light sterilizes water for 5 minutes after relay activation.
Entire circuit mounted inside a junction box for safety and portability.

7. Applications

Small-scale water sterilization at home or school experiments
Portable sterilization setup for kitchen or outdoor water containers
Demonstration for students on Arduino automation and UV sterilization

8. Advantages

Automatic operation with Arduino
Low-cost and easy to build
Portable and safe when housed inside a junction box
Effective in killing bacteria like E.coli

9. Software / Tools Used

Software / Tool	Purpose
Arduino IDE	To write and upload Arduino Nano code
Jumper wires / Breadboard	For prototyping and connections
Optional: Fritzing	For drawing circuit diagram

10. References

Arduino Official Website – https://www.arduino.cc
UV Sterilization Basics – Electronics Tutorials
Relay Module Working – Arduino Project Hub
Simple Arduino Projects for Students – Online resources

Automatic Light Control System

1. Introduction

Automation plays an important role in modern electronic systems to reduce manual work and save energy.
This project demonstrates an Automatic Light Control System using an LDR module, Arduino Nano, and a Relay module.

The LDR module senses ambient light intensity. The Arduino Nano processes this signal and controls the relay module accordingly. When it becomes dark, the relay switches ON the load (light). When sufficient light is present, the relay switches OFF the load automatically.

This project is compact, low-cost, and suitable for home and industrial automation applications.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
Arduino Nano	1	Main microcontroller for controlling the system
LDR Module	1	Used to detect light intensity
Relay Module (5V)	1	Used to switch the electrical load
5V Adapter	1	Power supply for Arduino and relay
Junction Box	1	Used for safe and compact circuit housing
Jumper Wires	As required	Used for electrical connections

3. Circuit Diagram

The circuit diagram shows the interconnection between the LDR module, Arduino Nano, and Relay module.
The LDR module provides an analog signal to the Arduino Nano. Based on this signal, the Arduino controls the relay module, which switches the load ON or OFF.

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

Connection Table

Module / Sensor	Module Pin	Arduino Nano Pin	Function
LDR Module	VCC	5V	Supplies power to the LDR module
LDR Module	GND	GND	Common ground
LDR Module	AO	A0	Sends analog light intensity signal
Relay Module	VCC	5V	Supplies power to the relay
Relay Module	GND	GND	Common ground connection
Relay Module	IN	Digital Pin D3	Controls relay ON/OFF
Relay Module	COM	AC Phase	Common terminal for load
Relay Module	NO	Load Phase	Supplies power to load when relay is ON

5. Code

int ldrPin = A0;

int relayPin = 3;

int threshold = 780;

void setup() {

pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Relay OFF by default

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

int ldrValue = analogRead(ldrPin);

Serial.println(ldrValue);

if (ldrValue < threshold) {

digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Dark condition → Relay ON

} else {

digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Light condition → Relay OFF

}

delay(1000);

}

6. Connecting Diagram (Working Explanation)

The LDR module continuously senses the surrounding light.
The Arduino Nano reads the analog value from pin A0.
When the light level falls below the set threshold, the Arduino sends a HIGH signal to the relay.
The relay module activates and turns ON the connected load.
When sufficient light is detected, the relay is turned OFF automatically.
The entire circuit is safely mounted inside a junction box and powered using a 5V adapter.

7. Applications

Automatic street lighting
Home lighting automation
Garden and outdoor lighting
Energy-saving systems

8. Advantages

Automatic operation
Energy efficient
Low cost and compact design
Easy to install and maintain

9. Conclusion

The Automatic Light Control System using LDR, Arduino Nano, and relay module was successfully designed and implemented. The system effectively switches the light ON and OFF based on ambient light conditions. This project is reliable, cost-effective, and suitable for real-world automation applications.

10. Reference

Arduino Official Website – https://www.arduino.cc
LDR Sensor Working – Electronics Tutorials
Relay Module Basics – Arduino Project Hub

Polyhouse Automation System

1. Introduction

This project details the development of an automated system built on the Arduino Uno microcontroller platform. The primary goal is to continuously monitor key environmental parameters—namely soil moisture, temperature, and humidity—and automatically control external appliances (a Fan and a Water Pump) using a 2-channel relay module. All measured data and system status are displayed on a 16×2 I2C LCD. This system is ideal for small-scale home automation or plant monitoring applications, providing real-time data and autonomous control based on predefined conditions.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
Arduino Uno Board	1	The main microcontroller.
16×2 I2C LCD Display	1	For displaying real-time data.
Soil Moisture Sensor	1	Measures the water content in the soil.
DHT Temperature/Humidity Sensor	1	Measures ambient temperature and humidity.
2-Channel Relay Module	1	To control AC or high-power DC devices (Fan/Pump).
Breadboard	1	For easy power and ground distribution (VCC and GND).
Connecting Wires	As needed	Male-to-Male and Male-to-Female jumper wires.
External Loads	2	Fan and Water Pump (connected via the relay).

3.Circut diagram

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

The connections are established on a breadboard for distributing the VCC (5V) and GND lines to all sensors and modules. The key connections from the modules to the Arduino Uno are detailed below.

Module/Sensor	Module Pin	Arduino Uno Pin	Function
Soil Moisture Sensor	AO (Analog Output)	A0	Reads the analog moisture level from the soil.
	VCC	Breadboard VCC (5V)	Power supply.
	GND	Breadboard GND	Ground connection.
16×2 I2C LCD	SDA (Serial Data)	A4	I2C Data line.
	SCL (Serial Clock)	A5	I2C Clock line.
	VCC	Breadboard VCC (5V)	Power supply.
	GND	Breadboard GND	Ground connection.
DHT Sensor	Data Pin	Digital Pin 2	Digital signal for Temperature and Humidity data.
	VCC	Breadboard VCC (5V)	Power supply.
	GND	Breadboard GND	Ground connection.
2-Channel Relay	IN1 (Control Pin for Fan)	Digital Pin 5	Controls the first relay (Fan).
	IN2 (Control Pin for Pump)	Digital Pin 6	Controls the second relay (Water Pump).
	VCC	Breadboard VCC (5V)	Power for the relay module’s control logic.
	GND	Breadboard GND	Ground connection.

5.Code

#include <Wire.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#include <DHT.h>

// LCD

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Try 0x3F if LCD shows nothing

// DHT11

#define DHTPIN 2

#define DHTTYPE DHT11

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

// Soil Moisture

#define MOISTURE_PIN A0

int dryValue = 1023; // Adjust after calibration

int wetValue = 300; // Adjust after calibration

// Relays (Active LOW)

#define RELAY_FAN 5

#define RELAY_PUMP 6

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

dht.begin();

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

pinMode(RELAY_FAN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(RELAY_PUMP, OUTPUT);

// Turn off relays initially

digitalWrite(RELAY_FAN, HIGH);

digitalWrite(RELAY_PUMP, HIGH);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(“System Starting”);

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

Serial.println(“=== Smart Plant System Started ===”);

}

void loop() {

delay(2000); // 2 sec delay between readings // — Read Sensors —

float temperature = dht.readTemperature();

float humidity = dht.readHumidity();

int moistureRaw = analogRead(MOISTURE_PIN); // — Validate DHT Reading —

if (isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity)) {

Serial.println(“Error: DHT sensor not reading!”);

return;

}

// — Convert Temperature to % (0°C = 0%, 50°C = 100%) —

int tempPercent = map(temperature, 0, 50, 0, 100);

tempPercent = constrain(tempPercent, 0, 100);

// — Convert Moisture to % —

int moisturePercent = map(moistureRaw, dryValue, wetValue, 0, 100);

moisturePercent = constrain(moisturePercent, 0, 100);

// — Fan Control by Temperature —

if (temperature > 30) // Fan ON above 30°C

digitalWrite(RELAY_FAN, LOW);

else

digitalWrite(RELAY_FAN, HIGH);

// — Pump Control by Moisture —

if (moisturePercent < 40) // Pump ON below 40%

digitalWrite(RELAY_PUMP, LOW);

else

digitalWrite(RELAY_PUMP, HIGH);

// — Serial Monitor Output —

Serial.print(“Temp: “);

Serial.print(temperature);

Serial.print(” °C | Humidity: “);

Serial.print(humidity);

Serial.print(“% | Soil: “);

Serial.print(moisturePercent);

Serial.print(“% | Fan: “);

Serial.print(digitalRead(RELAY_FAN) == LOW ? “ON” : “OFF”);

Serial.print(” | Pump: “);

Serial.println(digitalRead(RELAY_PUMP) == LOW ? “ON” : “OFF”);

// — LCD Display Output —

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(“T:”);

lcd.print(temperature, 1);

lcd.print((char)223);

lcd.print(“C “);

lcd.print(digitalRead(RELAY_FAN) == LOW ? “F:ON” : “F:OFF”);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(“M:”);

lcd.print(moisturePercent);

lcd.print(“% “);

lcd.print(digitalRead(RELAY_PUMP) == LOW ? “P:ON” : “P:OFF”);

}

7.Reference

VIGYAN ASHRAM – KITCHEN DISPLAY & AUTOMATION SYSTEM

1. Introduction

This project presents the development of a digital information display system for the Vigyan Ashram Kitchen.
The system uses:

Arduino Uno
P10 LED Display (32×16)
HC-05 Bluetooth Module
EEPROM Memory

The main purpose of the system is to display:

Present Students Count
Absent Students Count
Remaining Food / Waste Food (in KG)
Scrolling Header: VIGYAN ASHRAM KITCHEN

All the data is sent wirelessly through Bluetooth, processed by Arduino, and displayed on a P10 LED board using a marquee scrolling effect. EEPROM is used to store values even after power restart.

This project is useful for daily kitchen management, record maintaining, and smart automation inside the Vigyan Ashram campus.

2. Components Required

Component	Quantity	Description
Arduino UNO	1	Main microcontroller
P10 LED Display (32×16)	1	Main scrolling display
HC-05 Bluetooth Module	1	Wireless data communication
5V 10A SMPS	1	Power supply for P10 display
Connecting Wires	As required	Jumper wires
EEPROM (Internal)	–	For storing data permanently

3. Block Diagram

Mobile App → Bluetooth Module → Arduino UNO → P10 LED Display

↓

EEPROM Storage

4. Circuit Connections

Module / Sensor	Pin	Arduino Pin	Description
Bluetooth HC-05	TX	D5	Software Serial RX
	RX	D6	Software Serial TX
	VCC	5V	Power
	GND	GND	Ground
P10 LED Display	HUB12 Connector	SPI Pins	Controlled through DMD library
Power Supply	5V (10A)	P10 VCC	High-current supply for LED display

P10 LED display requires strong power, hence external SMPS is used.

5. Working / System Operation

Step 1: Data Entry from Mobile App

Mobile sends formatted messages:

“M2xx” → Present Students
“M3xx” → Waste Food (KG)

Step 2: Arduino Processing

Arduino:

Reads values from Bluetooth
Calculates Absent = 72 − Present
Converts float values
Stores values in EEPROM (for memory retention)

Step 3: Display on P10 LED

The board shows a scrolling text:

VIGYAN ASHRAM KITCHEN PRESENT:65 ABSENT:07 WASTE FOOD:1.250KG

6. Code

#include <SPI.h>

#include <DMD.h>

#include <TimerOne.h>

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#include <EEPROM.h>

#include “Arial_black_16.h”

#define DISPLAYS_ACROSS 1

#define DISPLAYS_DOWN 1

DMD dmd(DISPLAYS_ACROSS, DISPLAYS_DOWN);

SoftwareSerial BT(5, 6);

int totalStudents = 72;

int presentCount;

int absentCount;

float wasteFoodKg;

char header[] = ” VIGYAN ASHRAM KITCHEN “;

int headerLen;

void ScanDMD() {

dmd.scanDisplayBySPI();

}

void setup() {

Timer1.initialize(5000);

Timer1.attachInterrupt(ScanDMD);

dmd.clearScreen(true);

dmd.selectFont(Arial_Black_16);

BT.begin(9600);

Serial.begin(9600);

EEPROM.get(0, presentCount);

EEPROM.get(4, wasteFoodKg);

if (presentCount < 0 || presentCount > totalStudents) presentCount = 0;

if (wasteFoodKg < 0 || wasteFoodKg > 100) wasteFoodKg = 0;

absentCount = totalStudents – presentCount;

headerLen = strlen(header);

Serial.println(“System Ready. Waiting for Bluetooth data…”);

}

void loop() {

if (BT.available()) {

String newMsg = BT.readStringUntil(‘\n’);

newMsg.trim();

Serial.print(“Received: “);

Serial.println(newMsg);

if (newMsg.startsWith(“M2”)) {

presentCount = newMsg.substring(2).toInt();

if (presentCount > totalStudents) presentCount = totalStudents;

absentCount = totalStudents – presentCount;

EEPROM.put(0, presentCount);

}

else if (newMsg.startsWith(“M3”)) {

wasteFoodKg = newMsg.substring(2).toFloat();

EEPROM.put(4, wasteFoodKg);

}

char wasteStr[10];

dtostrf(wasteFoodKg, 6, 3, wasteStr);

char scrollText[128];

sprintf(scrollText, “%s PRESENT:%d ABSENT:%d WASTE FOOD:%sKG “,

header, presentCount, absentCount, wasteStr);

int textLen = strlen(scrollText);

dmd.clearScreen(true);

dmd.selectFont(Arial_Black_16);

dmd.drawMarquee(scrollText, textLen, (32 * DISPLAYS_ACROSS) – 1, 0);

long start = millis();

long timer = start;

boolean ret = false;

while (!ret) {

if ((timer + 30) < millis()) {

ret = dmd.stepMarquee(-1, 0);

timer = millis();

}

7. Advantages

Wireless data entry
Large clear P10 LED display
Auto calculation of absent count
EEPROM memory storage
Easy to install in kitchen area
Useful for hostel/kitchen daily reporting

8. Applications

School or Hostel Kitchen
Mess Management
Attendance & Food Tracking Systems
Digital Notice Board
Smart Campus Projects

9. Conclusion

The Vigyan Ashram Kitchen Display System successfully automates the daily reporting process for present students and food waste. The combination of Arduino + Bluetooth + P10 LED makes the system smart, efficient, and user-friendly. The scrolling display ensures visibility from a long distance, improving kitchen management efficiency.

10. References

Arduino Documentation
DMD LED Library Guides
Vigyan Ashram FabLab Experiment Notes
Custom Bluetooth Data Format (M2, M3 commands)

LCD Display

उद्देश :–

वातावरणातील मधील तापमान आणि आद्रता दाखवणे.

साहित्य:–

ऍक्रेलिक, LED डिस्प्ले, Arduino ,आर्डिनो , जम्पिंग वायर, स्क्वेअर बॉक्स, पावर जॉक, टेंपरेचर सेन्सर.

कृती:–

1. पहिल्यांदा डिस्प्ले जुने होते ते खोलून घेतले व त्याला रिपेरिंग केले.

2. त्यांच्या मध्ये आर्डिनो खराब झाले होते त्यांचे बदल करून घेतले

3. पहिल्यांदा डिस्प्ले एलईडी डिस्प्ले घेतला त्याला वायर शोल्डरिंग करून घेतली

4. त्याच्यानंतर डिस्प्ले सोल्डिंग केलेल्या वायरचे आर्डिनोला पिन कनेक्शन सोल्डिंग करून घेतले.

5. त्याच्यानंतर पावर जातीला शोल्डरग करून घेतले आर्डिनोला पावर देण्यासाठी

6. त्याच्यानंतर टेंपरेचर हुमेंटरी सेंसर घेतला व त्याला 3.3 होटेल ला व ग्राउंड ला असे तीन कनेक्शन केले व आर्डिनोला शोल्डरिंग करून घेतले

7. सर्व डिस्प्ले तयार झाल्यानंतर ट्रबल टेस्टिंग केली

8. चेकिंग झाल्यानंतर आर्डिनो मध्ये कोड अपलोड केला व चेकिंग ल रात्रभर ठेवून दिला.

9. चेक झाल्यानंतर त्याच्यामध्ये ग्लू गनने वायरिंग वरती ग्लू टाकून घेतला. सर्व झाल्यानंतर डिस्प्ले पॅकिंग करून घेतला.

10. त्याच्या वरती लावण्यासाठी माप घेतले त्याच्या मापाचे ऍक्रेलक मटेरियल कापून घेतले व त्याच्या ला बसवले

Data Logar

उदेश :–

पॉलीहाऊस मधील तापमान आणि आद्रता मोजणे.

साहित्य :–

स्क्वेअर बॉक्स , शोल्डिंग गन

कृती:–

पहिल्यांदा डाटा लोकरचे सर्किट बघून घेतले त्याच्यानंतर कशी जोडणी केली आहे हे बघितले.
डाटा लोकर च्या आयसी ला बॅटरी होल्डर यांना शोल्डरग करून घेतले.
त्याला चार्जिंग मॉडेल आणि चार्जिंग रिटन नाही यावे त्याच्यासाठी मॉडेल बसवले.
चल नंतर डाटा लॉगर चा स्क्वेअर बॉक्स घेऊन आलो त्याला ड्रिल मशीन ने पावर जॅक टेंपरेचर सेंसर हॉलमार करून घेतले.
त्याच्यानंतर आय सी शोल्डरिंग करून घेतली त्याचे पिन कनेक्शन आणि टेंपरेचर सेंसर चे पिंक कनेक्शन करून घेतले
बॅटरी होल्डर होते त्याचे कनेक्शन आयसीला दिले आणि एक कनेक्शन हे चार्जिंग सॉकेट ला लावून घेतले.
पूर्ण बॉक्स व कनेक्शन झाल्यानंतर तो पॅक करून घेतला सरांकडे जाऊन कोण टाकून घेतला.

3d Printer

उदेश:–

प्रोजेक्ट साठी डिझाईन बनवणे

साहित्य:–

सॉलिड वर्क सॉफ्टवेअर थ्रीडी प्रिंटर आणि तयार केलेली डिझाईन

कृती:–

1. पहिल्यांदा सॉलिड वर्क मध्ये डिझाईन तयार करून घेतले

2. डिझाईन तयार केल्यानंतर तिला पेन ड्राइव मध्ये घेतले व थ्रीडी प्रिंटर चा फ्लॅश प्रिंट मध्ये त्याला किती मटेरियल वापरायचे आणि कुठे साईज वापरायची हे ऍडजेस्ट केले आणि हाईट चेंज केले.

3. सॉ सॉफ्टवेअर झाल्यानंतर थ्रीडी प्रिंटर मध्ये फाईल घेतली व त्याला कॉपी करून फाईल डिझाईन लावली

4. थ्री पेंटर मध्ये बेड लेवल कसे सेट करायचे ते शिकलो आणि फिलामेंट चेंज कसे करायचे हे त्यातून शिकलो.

5. डिझाईन व्हायला किती वेळ लागेल हे आपण त्याच्यामध्ये पाहू शकतो.

Vinay cutting mashine

उदेश:–

विनायक कटिंग चा उपयोग करून नाव बनवणे

साहित्य:–

विनायक कटिंग मशीन, लॅपटॉप,विनायक पेपर.

कृती:–

1. पहिल्यांदा विनर कटिंग क्रिकॅट ॲप डाऊनलोड करून घेतली आणि त्याचे करून घेतली .

2. ॲप ओपन करून घेतली व त्याच्यामध्ये टॅक्स ओपन केले व त्याच्या मध्ये नाव लिहिले .

3. डिझाईन तयार केल्यानंतर मेक वरती क्लिक केले की ब्लूटूथ ऑन करून मशीनला कनेक्ट करून घेतले

4. मशीन कनेक्ट केल्यानंतर बेड चेक होतो त्याच्यानंतर डिझाईन कट करायला सुरुवात होते.

5. कट झाले वरती सेलोटेपणी पेपर लावून त्याला काढून आपण कुठे पण शिकवू शकतो.

Lezar cutting

उदेश:–

लेझर मशीन शिकून घेणे व डिझाईन कट करणे

साहित्य:–

अॅक्रीलिक मटेरियल, एम डी एफ सीट , कार्डशिट, कार्ड पेपर, लेझर कटिंग मशीन, RD वर्क सॉफ्टवेअर

कृती:–

1. पहिल्यांदा सॉलिड वर्कमध्ये डिझाईन तयार करून घेतली व तिला पेन ड्राइव्ह मध्ये घेतले.

2. कंप्यूटर मध्ये डिझाईन आल्यानंतर आरडीवर मध्ये डिझाईन करून घेतली नंतर त्याला किती पावर आणि स्पीड द्यायचा हे ठरवून घेतले

3. प्रत्येक मटेरियल साठी वेगळे आवर आणि स्पीड चेंज करावा लागतो.

4. लेझर कटर चालवताना 30 डिग्री पेक्षा जास्त टेंपरेचर नसले पाहिजे पेक्षा कमी पाहिजे

5. लेझर कटर चालवायला शिकून घेतले.

Wood Routar

उदेश:–

लॅपटॉप गरम होऊ नये त्या साठी लॅपटॉप स्टँड बनवले

साहित्य:–

लॅपटॉप, प्लायवूड, वुड राउटर मशीन, क्लॅप.

कृती:–

1. पहिल्यांदा वर्कमध्ये डिझाईन तयार करून घेतली.

2. आईला व्ही पॅनल कन्वर्टर मध्ये dxf फाईल टाकली तिला कट करण्यासाठी तयार केले.

3. फाईल तयार करून घेतल्यानंतर मशीन चालू केली मशीन चालू असताना त्याच्या ओरिजिन सेट करून घेतला व तिला पार्ट वेगवेगळे कट करण्यासाठी चालू करून दिले.

4. लॅपटॉप टेबल कट केला व उड राऊटर मशीन कशी चालवायची हे शिकून घेतले.

PCB Mashine

उद्देश:—

प्रिंटेड सर्किट बोर्ड PCB मिलिंद मशीन ची माहिती घेणे व सर्किट समजून घेणे व पीसीबी कट करणे

साहित्य:–

पीसीबी मीनिंग मशीन, प्रेस कट आणि आउट कट बीट ,Ln की, कॉपर पीसी प्लेट, पाना,

कृती:–

1. पहिल्यांदा मिलिंद करताना kikad सॉफ्टवेअर वापरून डिझाईन तयार केली.

2. मशीन सेटअप केली x अक्ष y अक्ष z अक्ष यांची सेटिंग करून घेतली.

3. त्याच्यानंतर pcb कट करण्यासाठी जेपीजी फाईल मशीन ला लागणाऱ्या फाईल मध्ये व कन्व्हर्ट करून घेतले.

4 फाईल घरभर फाईल मध्ये कन्व्हर्ट केली व ती मशीनला फाईल चालते.

5. Pcb मिलिंग सॉफ्टवेअर ओपन करून त्याच्यावर बेडशीट करून घेतला.

6. बेड पूर्ण झाल्यानंतर पीसीबी मशीन चालू करून पीसीबी कट केली.

7. पीसीबी कट झाल्यानंतर बीट साफ करून घेतला व पीसीबी पेट्रोल साफ करून घेतली.

8. सीबी बोर्ड तयार झाल्यानंतर बर घासणे घासून घेतले.

Fab Lab Internship

Fingerprint Based Attendance System Using ESP32

1. Introduction

2. Components Required

3. Circuit Diagram (Description)

Fingerprint Sensor (R307)

LCD 16×2 (I2C)

Other Connections

5. Working Explanation

6. Advantages

8. Software / Platforms Used

Solar Lamp

1. Introduction

2. Components Required

3. Circuit Diagram (Description)

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

5. Working Principle

6. Advantages

7. Applications

8. Safety Precautions

9. Conclusion

Automatic Water Overflow

1. Introduction

2. Components Required

3. Circuit Diagram

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

5. Code

6. Connecting Diagram (Working)

7. Applications

8. Advantages

9. Software / Tools Used

10. Referenc

Temperature Display Using Arduino Uno and P10 LED Matrix

1. Introduction

2. Components Required

3. Circuit Diagram

4. Arduino Uno → P10 LED Matrix Pin Connections

5. DS18B20 Sensor Connection

6. Arduino Code Overview

7. Working

8. Software / Tools Used

9. References

Diwali Akash Kandil

1. Project Title

2. Project Duration

3. Project Objective

4. Materials Used

5. Methodology / Work Procedure

6. Project Outcome

7. Problems Faced and Solutions

8. DBRT Contributed

9. Conclusion

Automatic UV Water Sterilization System

1. Introduction

2. Components Required

3. Diagram

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

5. Code

6. Connecting Diagram (Working)

7. Applications

8. Advantages

9. Software / Tools Used

10. References

Automatic Light Control System

1. Introduction

2. Components Required

3. Circuit Diagram

4. Circuit Diagram and Connections

Connection Table

5. Code

6. Connecting Diagram (Working Explanation)

7. Applications

8. Advantages

9. Conclusion

10. Reference

Polyhouse Automation System

VIGYAN ASHRAM – KITCHEN DISPLAY & AUTOMATION SYSTEM

1. Introduction

2. Components Required

3. Block Diagram