Practicle No 1:- Calculating Cows Weight
Motive:- calculating cow’s weight, so as to decide their fodder
Benefits of calculating a cow’s weight:-
- Helps in knowing exact worth (price) of our cattle.
- Helps decide quantity of fodder for our cattle.
Formulae to calculate cattles weight:-
Weight = AxAxB
10410
A- Chest circumference
B- Lenght (lenght from the horns to the Pelvic bone)
Practicle No 2:- Calculating Cows Teeth
Motive:- Counting cows teeth helps in figuring our cattles age
Bifercation of cows teeth:-
- Incisors
- Premolars
- Molars
Cow’s teeth:-
Milk teeth:-
1) Cattles first develop 20 teeth, also known as decidous, milk or baby teeth.
2) MIlk teeth stay till 15th or 18th month of the cattle
3) Permanent teeth in cattle are 32
4) Till 2 to 2.5 years Incisor teeth develop twice
5) Catlle develop 8 permanent incisors till 5-6 years of ther age.
6) After 12 years of age detiriorating state of cattles teeth lets us know the age easily.
Practicle No 3:- Seed Processing
Motive:-Seed Processing is necessary in order to dry the seeds to safe moisture level
Benefits of seed processing
- It cleans the seed by revolving the trash and present in it by precleaners
- It grades the seed by shape, size
- It removes other unwanted seed using Gravity Separator.
Germination Percentage:-
What is Germination Percentage?
Germination Rate= the number of the seeds sprouted divided by the
Practicle No 4:- Ways to Water our Crops
Motive:- Study different ways to water our crops
Gravity/Flow irrigation:- Water is headed up at upstream of Head work and thereby diverted to Canal system.
Benefits of Flow irrigation:- The main advantage of using Flow irrigation method is a very low energy requirement and ease in system design. An adequate water supply is important for plant growth. When rainfall is not sufficient enough, the plants must recieve additional water from water.
Modern ways to water our Land :-Sprinkler Irrigation
1. Drip Irrigation
2. Sprinkler irrigation
- Sprinkler Irrigation:-
Sprinkler/Spray Irrigation is the method in which water is provided to plants in controlled way, like Rainfall. the water is distributed through pumps,valves,Pipes and Sprinkler. Irrigation Sprinkler can be used for residential,Industrial, and Agriculture usage.
Drip Irrigation:- Drip Irrigation is the most efficient way to provide nutrients and water to the plant, Drip irrigation is als called as Trickle irrigation, it involves dripping water onto soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hours) from a system of small diametre plastic pipes fitted with outlets called Emitters or Drippers.
Some prominent examples of Drip Irrigation
Practicle NO 4:- Soil Testing
We attempted this soil testing practicle with the help of the Prerana soil testing kit.
Soil testing:- Soil Testing is often done to check for plant nutrients in
3 categories: Major nutrients: Nitrogen (n), Phosphorous (p)
Potassium (k). Soil Testing involves collecting soil samples, Preparation for analysis, Interpretation of analysis results, and finally
making Fertilizer and lime recommendations for the crops
Soil tests we performed:-
- Nitrogen (n):-
Potassium and Phosphorous soil test:-
Practicle NO 6:- POultry Management and Chicken Rearing
Motive:- To get to know more about Poultry mnagement, Chicken types and their food management
Egg Bearing Chickens:-
- White Leg Horn:- Egg bearing capacity- 300-325 eggs/ 80% guarantee
- BV 300 (Venky):- More than 350 eggs/ 95% guarantee
- Bovnce:- Heavy weighed, More than 350 eggs, each eagg weighs 65 grams. more than 85% probability
- Highline
Meat bearing Chickens
- Broiler:- These chicken gains 2 kg each day in 45 days
- Venkob:- gain 2.5kg in 42 days, more Meat, less Feathers, FCR=1-1.5
- Sungrow:– FCR= 1-1.6
- Cockrel:– 800-900 gm- sold during this time, mostly used for Tandoori.
New found types:–
- Suvarndhara:- founded speices of Pashuvaidyakiy Mahavidyalay, 180-190 eggs yearly, 3-4 kg weight is gained in 6-7 months
- Vanraj:- founded in Hyderabad, 160-180 eggs yearly
- Kadaknath:– founded in Madhya Pradesh, 90-100 eggs,black in colour, more meat
- Bhagapriya:- 230-240 eggs
Practicle No 7:- Identification of Cattle
Motive:- for identification of our cattle
Ways for our cattle identification:
1) Branding:- Branding is a type of cattle identification,Serves to detter Cattle Rustling,This also helps in returning rustled animals back home
Process of Branding Cattle:-
- Liquid Nitrogen or Denatured Nitrogen and Dry Ice are used to cool branding irons. Rather than burning the skin, freeze branding actually destroys the natural pigmentation of the animals hair, making the hair of the cow on the branded area glow white
Tatoo:- material- tatoo ink
like Branding,Tatoos can be used as a cattle identification,cattle needs to be secured properly before applying tatoo,if any miscalculation the tatoo might appear blurry.
Eartags:- These come in plastic or metal, can be custom numbered on one or both sides, permits at identifying animals from a distance,may eventually detach and get lost
Practicle No 8:- Weed Control
what are weeds?
Unwanted grass which grows withour harvest is known as weeds
Negatives of Weeds:-
Prevents proper growth of our plants
Some Weedicides maybe poisonos to human and animals
Takes space of our harvest
Weeds compete with the harvest.
How to avoid weeds
Prominent use of weedicides
There are 3 ways to avoid weeds
Machine, Weedicides, Natural
Practicle No 9:- Moringa Farming
Moringa farming is know to be very useful and beneficial, Moringa is scientifically known as Moringa Olifera, every part of this plant is very useful
The types of Moringa:-
Km1,Pkm1,Pkm2, Kokan Ruchira, Vasant, Udisa
Moringa farming is know to be very useful and beneficial, Moringa is scientifically known as Moringa Olifera, every part of this plant is very useful
The types of Moringa:-
Km1,Pkm1,Pkm2, Kokan Ruchira, Vasant, Udisa
Moringa farming is know to be very useful and beneficial, Moringa is scientifically known as Moringa Olifera, every part of this plant is very useful
The types of Moringa:-
Km1,Pkm1,Pkm2, Kokan Ruchira, Vasant, Udisa
Practicle No 10:- Polyhouse
Polyhouse is constructed from Polythene,polyhouse is very beneficial for higher agricultural yeild
Polyhouse has unusually higher yeilds, polyhouse is designed in such way, that perfect temperature, heat and moisture is always maintained, perfect for small saplings
Practicle no 11:- Sapling Plantation
Motive
Material:- tape, nylon rope, tikav, favda
formulae for sapling plantation
sutra= shetraphal
distance in plants
Mulberry sapling plantation
Lenght-56ft, width-18ft
=56×18
=1008ft
Distance In trees= 2ftx1.5
Mulberry sapling no.=1008. = 1008 = 336
2×1.5 3
so we can plant 336 saplings on our plant
Motive
Material:- tape, nylon rope, tikav, favda
formulae for sapling plantation
sutra= shetraphal
distance in plants
Mulberry sapling plantation
Lenght-56ft, width-18ft
=56×18
=1008ft
Distance In trees= 2ftx1.5
Mulberry sapling no.=1008. = 1008 = 336
2×1.5 3
so we can plant 336 saplings on our plant
Motive
Material:- tape, nylon rope, tikav, favda
formulae for sapling plantation
sutra= shetraphal
distance in plants
Mulberry sapling plantation
Lenght-56ft, width-18ft
=56×18
=1008ft
Distance In trees= 2ftx1.5
Mulberry sapling no.=1008. = 1008 = 336
2×1.5 3
so we can plant 336 saplings on our plant
Practicle no 12:- Feed Conservation Ratio (FCR)
Motive:- to know how much we feed our cattles and chickens
Poultry:-FCR- feed conservation ratio
Through FCR we can calculate how much the chickens are eating and how much does it transit in weight
The FCR formulae
FCR= Gained weight
Food given
Practicle no 13:- Natural Ways of Seed Preservaton
Steps for natural seeds preservation:-
Firstly clean your seeds thoroughly after taking them from your plant
Dry your seeds properly before storing, freeze them properly, before long term storage
Hot water treatment:-Hot water treatment is one of the best methods for eradication of pathogens, on vegetable seeds
Practicle no 14:- Cucumber Farming Records
23/9 spraying. Omite 15 litre/15ml
27/9. spraying. Omite 15ml isabion 15ml
29/9. spraying. Foculiar, Bayer fungicide 13:40:913
2/10. cucumber picking. Foculiar, Hotshot
3/10. Cucumber fertication. 19:19:19- 40gm
9/10. spraying. sumi hoshi 1ml/1 litre Ridomi Gold,Fertication
10/10 Cucumber picking-14.2kg
3/11. Cucumber picking-10kg
Practicle no 15:- Nursery Visit
What is a plant Nursery?
Nursery is a place where planting material such as planting material, seedlings, saplings, cuttings etc. These are raised, propagated and multiplied under favourable conditions for transplanting in prepared beds.
What are benefits of plant nursery:- crops grown in nursery
raise quite early and fecth lot of money.
Practicle no 16:- Machinery used in Farming:-
what are farm machinery?
All machines used for farming production, harvesting and care of farm products
We in indian agriculture use a mix of hand equipment and machines, here are eg:-
Practicle no 17:- Ground level Farming
we had planted Chilli saplings on our plot, the land is flat, so following are my few observations of ground level farming
My observations:-
we use furrow method to water these saplings, my observation is watering with furrow method lead to higher plant growth
Practicle no 18:- How to Spray Insectiside
Why do we spray insecticides on our crops?
Insecticides are sprayed to avoid pest related diseases, spraying insecticides helps eradicate pest, eradicate weeds
Precautions while spraying:-
wearing full clothes
Practicle no 19:- Contagious Leaf Disease
Practical experience:-
Leaf names Observations
- Peru leaf Black spots, Orange dots
- Tomato leaf Weak, curly twirled, White lines
- Moringa leaf Holes
- Brinjal Holes
- Mango Browning
Contagious Diseases
- Wooly Whitefly:– Woolly Whiteflies are small, flying insects resembling small white winged moths with yellowish-white abdomen and a light dusting powder. The immature stages (nymphs) are flattened
2. Thrib Insect:- Thrips are minute, slender insects, fringed winged and unique mouthparts. Different Thribs species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up contents inside the leaf
Dieback:- Dieback, a common symptom or name of disease, especially of wood plants, characterised by progressive death of twigs,branches,shoots or roots, starting at the tips
Practicle no 20:- Benefits of Moringa
benefits of moringa leaves:-
Rich in Vitamins and Minerals
Rich in Amino acids
Fights Inflamation
Rich in antioxidants
Lower blood sugar levels
Lower cholestrol
Protects the Liver