Practicle No 1:- Calculating Cows Weight

Motive:- calculating cow’s weight, so as to decide their fodder

Benefits of calculating a cow’s weight:-

  1. Helps in knowing exact worth (price) of our cattle.
  2. Helps decide quantity of fodder for our cattle.

Formulae to calculate cattles weight:-

Weight = AxAxB

10410

A- Chest circumference

B- Lenght (lenght from the horns to the Pelvic bone)

Practicle No 2:- Calculating Cows Teeth

Motive:- Counting cows teeth helps in figuring our cattles age

Bifercation of cows teeth:-

  1. Incisors
  2. Premolars
  3. Molars

Cow’s teeth:-

Milk teeth:-

1) Cattles first develop 20 teeth, also known as decidous, milk or baby teeth.

2) MIlk teeth stay till 15th or 18th month of the cattle

3) Permanent teeth in cattle are 32

4) Till 2 to 2.5 years Incisor teeth develop twice

5) Catlle develop 8 permanent incisors till 5-6 years of ther age.

6) After 12 years of age detiriorating state of cattles teeth lets us know the age easily.

Practicle No 3:- Seed Processing

Motive:-Seed Processing is necessary in order to dry the seeds to safe moisture level

Benefits of seed processing

  1. It cleans the seed by revolving the trash and present in it by precleaners
  2. It grades the seed by shape, size
  3. It removes other unwanted seed using Gravity Separator.

Germination Percentage:-

What is Germination Percentage?

Germination Rate= the number of the seeds sprouted divided by the

Practicle No 4:- Ways to Water our Crops

Motive:- Study different ways to water our crops

Gravity/Flow irrigation:- Water is headed up at upstream of Head work and thereby diverted to Canal system.

Benefits of Flow irrigation:- The main advantage of using Flow irrigation method is a very low energy requirement and ease in system design. An adequate water supply is important for plant growth. When rainfall is not sufficient enough, the plants must recieve additional water from water.

Modern ways to water our Land :-Sprinkler Irrigation

1. Drip Irrigation

2. Sprinkler irrigation

  1. Sprinkler Irrigation:-

Sprinkler/Spray Irrigation is the method in which water is provided to plants in controlled way, like Rainfall. the water is distributed through pumps,valves,Pipes and Sprinkler. Irrigation Sprinkler can be used for residential,Industrial, and Agriculture usage.

example of Sprinkler irrigation

Drip Irrigation:- Drip Irrigation is the most efficient way to provide nutrients and water to the plant, Drip irrigation is als called as Trickle irrigation, it involves dripping water onto soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hours) from a system of small diametre plastic pipes fitted with outlets called Emitters or Drippers.

Some prominent examples of Drip Irrigation

Practicle NO 4:- Soil Testing

We attempted this soil testing practicle with the help of the Prerana soil testing kit.

Soil testing:- Soil Testing is often done to check for plant nutrients in

3 categories: Major nutrients: Nitrogen (n), Phosphorous (p)

Potassium (k). Soil Testing involves collecting soil samples, Preparation for analysis, Interpretation of analysis results, and finally

making Fertilizer and lime recommendations for the crops

Soil tests we performed:-

  1. Nitrogen (n):-
Nitrogen soil testing

Potassium and Phosphorous soil test:-

Practicle NO 6:- POultry Management and Chicken Rearing

Motive:- To get to know more about Poultry mnagement, Chicken types and their food management

Egg Bearing Chickens:-

  1. White Leg Horn:- Egg bearing capacity- 300-325 eggs/ 80% guarantee
  2. BV 300 (Venky):- More than 350 eggs/ 95% guarantee
  3. Bovnce:- Heavy weighed, More than 350 eggs, each eagg weighs 65 grams. more than 85% probability
  4. Highline

Meat bearing Chickens

  1. Broiler:- These chicken gains 2 kg each day in 45 days
  2. Venkob:- gain 2.5kg in 42 days, more Meat, less Feathers, FCR=1-1.5
  3. Sungrow:– FCR= 1-1.6
  4. Cockrel:– 800-900 gm- sold during this time, mostly used for Tandoori.

New found types:

  1. Suvarndhara:- founded speices of Pashuvaidyakiy Mahavidyalay, 180-190 eggs yearly, 3-4 kg weight is gained in 6-7 months
  2. Vanraj:- founded in Hyderabad, 160-180 eggs yearly
  3. Kadaknath:– founded in Madhya Pradesh, 90-100 eggs,black in colour, more meat
  4. Bhagapriya:- 230-240 eggs

Practicle No 7:- Identification of Cattle

Motive:- for identification of our cattle

Ways for our cattle identification:

1) Branding:- Branding is a type of cattle identification,Serves to detter Cattle Rustling,This also helps in returning rustled animals back home

Process of Branding Cattle:-

  1. Liquid Nitrogen or Denatured Nitrogen and Dry Ice are used to cool branding irons. Rather than burning the skin, freeze branding actually destroys the natural pigmentation of the animals hair, making the hair of the cow on the branded area glow white

Tatoo:- material- tatoo ink

like Branding,Tatoos can be used as a cattle identification,cattle needs to be secured properly before applying tatoo,if any miscalculation the tatoo might appear blurry.

Eartags:- These come in plastic or metal, can be custom numbered on one or both sides, permits at identifying animals from a distance,may eventually detach and get lost

Practicle No 8:- Weed Control

what are weeds?

Unwanted grass which grows withour harvest is known as weeds

Negatives of Weeds:-

Prevents proper growth of our plants

Some Weedicides maybe poisonos to human and animals

Takes space of our harvest

Weeds compete with the harvest.

How to avoid weeds

Prominent use of weedicides

There are 3 ways to avoid weeds

Machine, Weedicides, Natural

Practicle No 9:- Moringa Farming

Moringa farming is know to be very useful and beneficial, Moringa is scientifically known as Moringa Olifera, every part of this plant is very useful

The types of Moringa:-

Km1,Pkm1,Pkm2, Kokan Ruchira, Vasant, Udisa

Moringa farming is know to be very useful and beneficial, Moringa is scientifically known as Moringa Olifera, every part of this plant is very useful

The types of Moringa:-

Km1,Pkm1,Pkm2, Kokan Ruchira, Vasant, Udisa

Moringa farming is know to be very useful and beneficial, Moringa is scientifically known as Moringa Olifera, every part of this plant is very useful

The types of Moringa:-

Km1,Pkm1,Pkm2, Kokan Ruchira, Vasant, Udisa

Practicle No 10:- Polyhouse

Polyhouse is constructed from Polythene,polyhouse is very beneficial for higher agricultural yeild

Polyhouse has unusually higher yeilds, polyhouse is designed in such way, that perfect temperature, heat and moisture is always maintained, perfect for small saplings

Cabbage saplings in polyhouse

Polyhouse at Vigyan Ashram

Practicle no 11:- Sapling Plantation

Motive

Material:- tape, nylon rope, tikav, favda

formulae for sapling plantation

sutra= shetraphal

distance in plants

Mulberry sapling plantation

Lenght-56ft, width-18ft

=56×18

=1008ft

Distance In trees= 2ftx1.5

Mulberry sapling no.=1008. = 1008 = 336

2×1.5 3

so we can plant 336 saplings on our plant

Motive

Material:- tape, nylon rope, tikav, favda

formulae for sapling plantation

sutra= shetraphal

distance in plants

Mulberry sapling plantation

Lenght-56ft, width-18ft

=56×18

=1008ft

Distance In trees= 2ftx1.5

Mulberry sapling no.=1008. = 1008 = 336

2×1.5 3

so we can plant 336 saplings on our plant

Motive

Material:- tape, nylon rope, tikav, favda

formulae for sapling plantation

sutra= shetraphal

distance in plants

Mulberry sapling plantation

Lenght-56ft, width-18ft

=56×18

=1008ft

Distance In trees= 2ftx1.5

Mulberry sapling no.=1008. = 1008 = 336

2×1.5 3

so we can plant 336 saplings on our plant

Practicle no 12:- Feed Conservation Ratio (FCR)

Motive:- to know how much we feed our cattles and chickens

Poultry:-FCR- feed conservation ratio

Through FCR we can calculate how much the chickens are eating and how much does it transit in weight

The FCR formulae

FCR= Gained weight

Food given

Practicle no 13:- Natural Ways of Seed Preservaton

Steps for natural seeds preservation:-

Firstly clean your seeds thoroughly after taking them from your plant

Dry your seeds properly before storing, freeze them properly, before long term storage

Hot water treatment:-Hot water treatment is one of the best methods for eradication of pathogens, on vegetable seeds

Hot water treatment

Practicle no 14:- Cucumber Farming Records

23/9 spraying. Omite 15 litre/15ml

27/9. spraying. Omite 15ml isabion 15ml

29/9. spraying. Foculiar, Bayer fungicide 13:40:913

2/10. cucumber picking. Foculiar, Hotshot

3/10. Cucumber fertication. 19:19:19- 40gm

9/10. spraying. sumi hoshi 1ml/1 litre Ridomi Gold,Fertication

10/10 Cucumber picking-14.2kg

3/11. Cucumber picking-10kg

Practicle no 15:- Nursery Visit

What is a plant Nursery?

Nursery is a place where planting material such as planting material, seedlings, saplings, cuttings etc. These are raised, propagated and multiplied under favourable conditions for transplanting in prepared beds.

What are benefits of plant nursery:- crops grown in nursery

raise quite early and fecth lot of money.

Nursery i visited

Practicle no 16:- Machinery used in Farming:-

what are farm machinery?

All machines used for farming production, harvesting and care of farm products

We in indian agriculture use a mix of hand equipment and machines, here are eg:-

These machines certainly make agriculture easy, and hekp us in great way

Practicle no 17:- Ground level Farming

we had planted Chilli saplings on our plot, the land is flat, so following are my few observations of ground level farming

chilli sapling One month after plantation

My observations:-

we use furrow method to water these saplings, my observation is watering with furrow method lead to higher plant growth

Practicle no 18:- How to Spray Insectiside

Why do we spray insecticides on our crops?

Insecticides are sprayed to avoid pest related diseases, spraying insecticides helps eradicate pest, eradicate weeds

Precautions while spraying:-

wearing full clothes

Practicle no 19:- Contagious Leaf Disease

Practical experience:-

Leaf names Observations

  1. Peru leaf Black spots, Orange dots
  2. Tomato leaf Weak, curly twirled, White lines
  3. Moringa leaf Holes
  4. Brinjal Holes
  5. Mango Browning

Contagious Diseases

  1. Wooly Whitefly:– Woolly Whiteflies are small, flying insects resembling small white winged moths with yellowish-white abdomen and a light dusting powder. The immature stages (nymphs) are flattened

2. Thrib Insect:- Thrips are minute, slender insects, fringed winged and unique mouthparts. Different Thribs species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up contents inside the leaf

Dieback:- Dieback, a common symptom or name of disease, especially of wood plants, characterised by progressive death of twigs,branches,shoots or roots, starting at the tips

Practicle no 20:- Benefits of Moringa

benefits of moringa leaves:-

Rich in Vitamins and Minerals

Rich in Amino acids

Fights Inflamation

Rich in antioxidants

Lower blood sugar levels

Lower cholestrol

Protects the Liver